How Does a Performance Bond Work?
When selling or buying futures contracts, it is necessary to post a performance bond deposit with a futures broker. This is a small percentage of the value of each contract traded, representing the dollar value of the probable maximum price move in the next day’s market, and thus the likely maximum loss that could be incurred in that day’s trading.
Because no one knows whether prices will move up or down by this amount, parties on both the buy side and the sell side of all futures transactions post such a deposit. That way, the profiting side of the market can be immediately credited out of the balances of the losing side of the market. This flowof payments is conducted by CME Clearing, in transactions with all clearing members, who in turn “settle up” with each of their own customers.
Details: How a Hedging Account Works
Video: Introduction to Hedging